"Knowledge-Based Education – We oppose the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification), critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery learning) which focus on behavior modification and have the purpose of challenging the student's fixed beliefs and undermining parental authority." The Republican Party of Texas expressed their opposition to the teaching of certain HOTS by including the following item in their 2012 Party Platform: It is debated whether it is correct to raise the importance of teaching process over content.
Indeed, while minorities may lag by 10 to 25 points on standardized percentile rankings, the failure rates of minorities are two to four times the best scoring groups on tests like the WASL. Critics of standards based assessments point out that this style of testing is even more difficult for students who are behind academically.
HOTS assumes standards based assessments that use open-response items instead of multiple-choice questions, and hence require higher-order analysis and writing. Many forms of education reform, such as inquiry-based science, reform mathematics and whole language emphasize HOTS to solve problems and learn, sometimes deliberately omitting direct instruction of traditional methods, facts, or knowledge. Including higher-order thinking skills in educational aims and objectives is a very common feature of standards-based education reform.Īdvocates of traditional education object to elevating HOTS above direct instruction of basic skills. However, the United States National Research Council objected to this line of reasoning, saying that cognitive research challenges that assumption, and that higher-order thinking is important even in elementary school. It is a notion that students must master the lower level skills before they can engage in higher-order thinking. Higher-order thinking is more difficult to learn or teach but also more valuable because such skills are more likely to be usable in novel situations (i.e., situations other than those in which the skill was learned). Higher-order thinking involves the learning of complex judgmental skills such as critical thinking and problem solving. In Bloom's taxonomy, for example, skills involving analysis, evaluation and synthesis (creation of new knowledge) are thought to be of a higher order than the learning of facts and concepts which requires different learning and teaching methods. The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits. Higher-order thinking, known as higher order thinking skills ( HOTS), is a concept of education reform based on learning taxonomies (such as Bloom's taxonomy). Categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001)